IT Act 1961 → 2025 / Sections 28–44A
Business incomeBusiness income charge, rent/repairs, other deductions (36), deemed profits (41), actual cost (43), forex, ICDS, insurance
Sections 28–44A of the old Income-tax Act, 1961 · new sections 26–57 under the Income-tax Act, 2025
New reference Sections 26 to 57 (computation of business income)
Applies to FY 2025-26 (AY 2026-27) and earlier years.
Applies from tax year 2026-27 (from 1 April 2026).
| 1961 Act | Subject | 2025 Act |
|---|---|---|
| 28 | Profits and gains of business or profession | 26 |
| 29 | Manner of computing profits and gains of business or profession | 27 |
| 30 | Rent, rates, taxes, repairs and insurance for buildings | 28 |
| 31 | Repairs and insurance of machinery, plant and furniture | 28 |
| 36 | Other deductions (interest, bad debts, PF/ESI etc.) | 29, 30, 31, 32 |
| 38 | Building, etc., partly used for business, etc., or not exclusively used | 28, 33 |
| 41 | Profits chargeable to tax | 38 |
| 43 | Definitions of certain terms relevant to income from profits and gains of business or profession | 39, 41, 66 |
| 43A | Special provisions consequential to change in rate of exchange of currency | 42 |
| 43AA | Taxation of foreign exchange fluctuation | 43 |
| 43C | Special provision for computation of cost of acquisition of certain assets | 40 |
| 43CB | Income from construction and service contracts (ICDS) | 57 |
| 43D | Interest income of public financial institutions etc | 56 |
| 44 | Insurance business | 55 |
| 44A | Special provision in the case of trade, profession or similar association | 50 |
| 59 | Profits chargeable to tax | 95 |
Source: CBDT mapping of sections, Income-tax Act 1961 to Income-tax Act 2025.
Renumbered and reorganised; old section 36 is split across sections 29–32 and old 43 across 39, 41 and 66. Depreciation (32), 37, 40(a), 40A(3), 43B and 44AB have their own pages.
Section 28 of the Income-tax Act, 1961 (Profits and gains of business or profession) corresponds to section 26 of the Income-tax Act, 2025, which applies from 1 April 2026 (tax year 2026-27).
Section 29 of the Income-tax Act, 1961 (Manner of computing profits and gains of business or profession) corresponds to section 27 of the Income-tax Act, 2025, which applies from 1 April 2026 (tax year 2026-27).
Section 30 of the Income-tax Act, 1961 (Rent, rates, taxes, repairs and insurance for buildings) corresponds to section 28 of the Income-tax Act, 2025, which applies from 1 April 2026 (tax year 2026-27).
Section 31 of the Income-tax Act, 1961 (Repairs and insurance of machinery, plant and furniture) corresponds to section 28 of the Income-tax Act, 2025, which applies from 1 April 2026 (tax year 2026-27).
Section 36 of the Income-tax Act, 1961 (Other deductions (interest, bad debts, PF/ESI etc.)) corresponds to section 29, 30, 31, 32 of the Income-tax Act, 2025, which applies from 1 April 2026 (tax year 2026-27).
Section 38 of the Income-tax Act, 1961 (Building, etc., partly used for business, etc., or not exclusively used) corresponds to section 28, 33 of the Income-tax Act, 2025, which applies from 1 April 2026 (tax year 2026-27).
Renumbered and reorganised; old section 36 is split across sections 29–32 and old 43 across 39, 41 and 66. Depreciation (32), 37, 40(a), 40A(3), 43B and 44AB have their own pages.